Understanding shoulder osteoarthritis - symptoms and therapies

What is shoulder arthrosis?

In the event of an Shoulder osteoarthritis, In medical terms, omarthrosis is the gradual thinning of the cartilage in the shoulder joint between the upper arm head and the joint capsule. The joint becomes stiffer and movements can be painful. However, the severity of the symptoms does not always correspond to the image seen on the X-ray, and movement is still important even with shoulder arthrosis.

Not all pain in the shoulder is caused by osteoarthritis. Other causes such as irritation of the rotator cuff or impingement are explained in the article. Shoulder pain: causes, treatment, exercises.

Forms of shoulder osteoarthritis

• Primary shoulder arthrosis: It occurs without a clearly identifiable trigger, usually in older age.
• Secondary shoulder arthrosis: It follows previous injury, such as a broken bone, repeated dislocations, a large tear in the rotator cuff, or a rheumatic disease. More about this in the article in the journal Rotator cuff tear.

Symptoms of shoulder osteoarthritis

• Pain first with exertion, later also at rest and at night
• increasing stiffness, especially when rotating the arm outwards and when lifting over the head
• Rubbing or pinching in the joint
• Loss of strength and difficulty in everyday activities, such as combing your hair or putting on clothes
• Tensions in the neck and shoulder blades because these muscles are taking on more work

How is shoulder osteoarthritis diagnosed?

The diagnosis is made by the doctor, usually with an examination and an X-ray. An MRI is usually not necessary for fresh shoulder pain according to an overview of 26 guidelines (Lowry et al., 2024In physiotherapy, we also assess mobility, strength, and which movements are difficult to perform in everyday life.

What helps with shoulder arthrosis? This is what the studies say

The same overview of 26 guidelines for shoulder disorders, including shoulder osteoarthritis, shows: Exercises and rehabilitation are recommended or can be recommended for all shoulder disorders studied, as are painkillers such as paracetamol or anti-inflammatory medications. For other questions, such as when to undergo surgery, the guidelines differ (Lowry et al., 2024).

Injections: A review of 2025 with over 1100 participants concluded that injections into the joint can alleviate the symptoms of shoulder arthrosis. Hyaluronic acid showed a consistent but modest benefit (Migliorini et al., 2025). To discuss whether a syringe is appropriate for you, talk to your doctor.

Operation: In advanced shoulder arthrosis with severe pain, an artificial shoulder joint may be an option, either as a partial or total prosthesis. This decision is made together with a shoulder surgeon. After the operation, we will accompany you in the rehabilitation process.

Physiotherapy for shoulder arthrosis

• Maintain mobility: With manual therapy And by performing targeted exercises, we keep the joint as mobile as possible.
• Building strength: Strong shoulder and shoulder blade muscles relieve the joint and make everyday life easier.
• Relieve pain: In cases of tight neck and shoulder muscles, we supplement with Dry needling one.
• Home game: You will receive exercises that you can do daily in just a few minutes.

You can find the basics for treating joint wear in our overview. Physical therapy for osteoarthritis.

What you can do yourself for shoulder arthrosis

• Move instead of conserve: Let the arm hang loosely in a standing position and let it swing in small circles. Slowly raise the arm forward with the help of a stick that you hold with both hands.
• Pain rule: Mild pain during the exercises is okay if it subsides again after a short time.
• Heat: A warm shower or a heating pad can relieve stiffness in the morning.
• Sleeping: A pillow under the arm relieves the shoulder in a back or side position.

Shoulder arthrosis: When to see a doctor?

Immediately call 144 if shoulder pain is accompanied by pressure in the chest, shortness of breath, or nausea. This could be a heart problem.

Have the shoulder examined by a doctor at:

• sudden severe pain or if you are unable to raise your arm after a fall
• Redness, overheating, swelling or fever
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm
• Nighttime pain that does not subside despite treatment

Frequently asked questions about shoulder arthrosis

Can I do sports with shoulder arthrosis?

Yes, movement is desirable. Activities that move the shoulder without causing too much strain are suitable, such as swimming, Nordic walking, or strength training with a suitable weight. We can help you find the right amount.

Does a syringe help with shoulder arthrosis?

Injections can alleviate the symptoms, but the benefits of hyaluronic acid are modest according to the current review. They do not replace exercise and training.

When is an artificial shoulder joint useful?

When pain and limited mobility severely interfere with daily life despite consistent treatment. You make this decision with a shoulder surgeon or orthopedic surgeon.

Sources

• Lowry V. et al. (2024): A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of various shoulder disorders. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. PubMed
• Migliorini F. et al. (2025): Intra-articular injections for shoulder arthritis in adults: a systematic review. European Journal of Medical Research. PubMed

Date in Zürich Wipkingen and Höngg

Is your shoulder hurting or becoming increasingly stiff? We will examine your shoulder and together develop a program that provides mobility and strength. Book appointment online or by phone at 044 585 99 49.

This article does not replace medical advice.